Research Tips with Dr. Juliana

  Sustainability & Climate Policy Nigeria has committed to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2060. Since that commitment, the country has developed a substantial climate-policy architecture, including the Climate Change Act 2021, the Energy Transition Plan (ETP), the Long-Term Low-Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS), and a new Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) submitted to the UNFCCC in September 2025. But a policy commitment is not the same thing as decarbonisation. A country can pass climate legislation, publish transition strategies and announce investment programmes without yet demonstrating sustained reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions. This raises a more important question for Nigeria: How far has Nigeria moved from making a net-zero commitment to achieving measurable sectoral decarbonisation? This article examines that question using a simple five-stage framework: Commitment: What has Nigeria promised? ...

  Sustainability starts with reducing everyday waste When we talk about living sustainably, our minds often go straight to the things we should buy —bamboo toothbrushes, reusable bottles, organic clothing, energy-efficient appliances or solar panels. Those choices can certainly help. But sustainability also begins with something much simpler: what we choose not to waste. Every day, households generate food waste, plastic packaging, unused water, unnecessary energy consumption and other forms of waste. Globally, about 2.56 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste were generated in 2022 , according to the World Bank. Behind every item we throw away are resources that were used to produce it—land, water, energy, raw materials, labour and transportation. That means reducing waste is not simply about having a cleaner home or a tidier environment. It is also about using the resources we already have more responsibly. ...

Installing solar panels, replacing conventional bulbs with LEDs, or introducing a towel-reuse program may be good sustainability practices. But how do you know whether they have reduced your hotel's carbon footprint? Imagine a 120-room hotel that has recently invested in rooftop solar, upgraded its guestroom lighting to LEDs, and introduced a linen-reuse program. At the end of the year, the general manager proudly reports that the property is now operating more sustainably. Then the owner asks a simple question: “How much have our greenhouse gas emissions actually decreased?” The Manager points to the solar installation and a lower electricity bill over several months. But when asked about the actual emissions reductions, a fundamental problem emerges: the hotel never established a reliable carbon-footprint baseline before making the changes. Without that starting point, it becomes difficult...

  SPSS output tables on a laptop with guidance on which results to report in research. Picture this: You have just finished cleaning your dataset. You navigate to the Analyze menu in SPSS, select your statistical test, click OK , and wait. A fraction of a second later, the SPSS Viewer window pops up. You scroll down. And down. And down. Suddenly, you are staring at twenty pages of output filled with descriptive statistics, reliability tables, correlation matrices, model summaries, ANOVA tables, coefficient blocks, residual plots, and collinearity diagnostics. A familiar wave of panic sets in, followed by a single nagging question: “Which of these tables am I supposed to put in my thesis?” If this sounds familiar, take a deep breath. You are experiencing SPSS output overload , a rite of passage for almost every postgraduate researcher. Here is the central lesson for today’s guide: SPSS gives you output; your job as a researcher is to decide what evidence belongs in your resea...